{"id":2025,"date":"2024-07-02T07:19:07","date_gmt":"2024-07-02T06:19:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medreasons.com\/?page_id=2025"},"modified":"2025-03-08T11:03:37","modified_gmt":"2025-03-08T11:03:37","slug":"her2neu-and-breast-cancer","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/medreasons.com\/index.php\/posts\/pathology\/her2neu-and-breast-cancer\/","title":{"rendered":"Her2neu and Breast Cancer"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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HER2\/neu and Breast Carcinoma\u00a0<\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Between 1975 and 1985 a series of experiments demonstrated that cancer, whatever its causative agent, is due to the activation, by modification or overexpression, of a family of genes highly conserved during evolution, called the cellular oncogenes. These discoveries constitute what may be called the ‘oncogene paradigm’.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tB<\/l>reast cancer is the most common cancer in females and is the second most common cause of mortality among females in the world after heart diseases. It is imperative that we know the pathogenesis of Breast cancers so as to devise effective treatment strategies against it.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Breast Cancer\u00a0<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Breast tissue contains stem cells which are responsible for the development and expansion of the mammary gland during puberty and pregnancy. The process of carcinogenesis starts when any genetic aberration in these cells leads to a proliferation known as Breast cancer. These mutations can be familial(hereditary) or can be sporadic (due to hormone exposure). But regardless of the etiology, there are mainly three major genetic pathways through which carcinogenesis occurs.<\/p>

  1. ER- positive, HER2-negative cancers<\/li>
  2. HER2 positive cancers<\/li>
  3. ER-negative, HER2-negative cancers<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Breast\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    HER2 positive Breast cancer<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    HER2 positive Breast cancer arise due to an amplification of HER2 gene. They constitute approximately 20% of all breast cancers and may be either ER+ve or ER-ve. Let’s get into the details of the same.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    What is HER2\/Neu ?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    HER2 <\/b>stands for H<\/span>uman E<\/span>pidermal Growth Factor R<\/span>eceptor 2<\/span> & belongs to ErbB family of receptor proteins. The gene symbol, ErbB<\/strong>, is derived from the name of a viral oncogene to which these receptors are homologous: Er<\/span>ythrob<\/span>lastic leukemia viral oncogene. Neu<\/strong> oncogene (for Neu<\/span>roblastoma) is same as HER2 (EGFR) but was reported in rodents suffering from Neuroblastoma, Hence the complete name for the receptor is ‘HER2\/Neu’.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    ErbB<\/b> family of proteins contains four receptor tyrosine kinases –<\/p>