{"id":1412,"date":"2024-03-13T08:53:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-13T08:53:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medreasons.com\/?page_id=1412"},"modified":"2024-03-22T02:58:13","modified_gmt":"2024-03-22T02:58:13","slug":"parkinsonism-and-other-movement-disorders-amantadine","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/medreasons.com\/index.php\/posts\/pharmacology\/central-nervous-system\/parkinsonism-and-other-movement-disorders-amantadine\/","title":{"rendered":"Parkinsonism and other Movement Disorders"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1412\" class=\"elementor elementor-1412\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e735b84 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e735b84\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8eb215b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8eb215b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1>Amantadine and Livedo reticularis\u00a0<\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6c319b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e6c319b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Livedo reticularis refers to a net like pattern of reddish blue skin pigmentation (livere = blue; reticularis = net like). It sometimes occurs in patients taking amantadine and usually clears within 1 month or so. Let&#8217;s have a detailed look into the mechanism behind this effect.<\/p><p>Amantadine stands for <strong>&#8216;<\/strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>adamantane&#8217; + &#8216;amine<\/strong><\/span><strong>&#8216;<\/strong>. Adamantane is an organic compound which is formed by the fusion of three cyclohexane rings. It was named so as the rings had an arrangement like a diamond crystal (Greek: adamantinos = diamond).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90f3a00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"90f3a00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"222\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/medreasons.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Amantadine-222x300.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1427\" alt=\"Amantadine\" srcset=\"https:\/\/medreasons.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Amantadine-222x300.png 222w, https:\/\/medreasons.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Amantadine.png 641w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 222px) 100vw, 222px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4df7490 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4df7490\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><u>Mechanism of Action<\/u> : <\/strong>Amantadine was originally an antiviral agent used against Influenza A. It was by chance found to have relatively weak anti parkinsonism properties. Amantadine exerted it&#8217;s anti parkinsonian actions through antagonizing the effects of adenosine at Adenosine A<sub>2a<\/sub> receptors, which inhibited D<sub>2<\/sub> receptor functions and also by catecholamine release from peripheral stores.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c7e891 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1c7e891\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"555\" src=\"https:\/\/medreasons.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Neural-pathways-in-the-pathogenesis-of-parkinsonism--1024x555.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1438\" alt=\"Neural pathways in the pathogenesis of parkinsonism\" srcset=\"https:\/\/medreasons.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Neural-pathways-in-the-pathogenesis-of-parkinsonism--1024x555.png 1024w, https:\/\/medreasons.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Neural-pathways-in-the-pathogenesis-of-parkinsonism--300x163.png 300w, https:\/\/medreasons.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Neural-pathways-in-the-pathogenesis-of-parkinsonism--768x416.png 768w, https:\/\/medreasons.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Neural-pathways-in-the-pathogenesis-of-parkinsonism-.png 1284w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b01ab7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5b01ab7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e60669a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e60669a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-209589a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"209589a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thus the release of physiologically active neurotransmitters from nerve terminals of sympathetic nervous system is blocked by Amantadine. Sympathetic nervous system discharge is responsible for a sustained state of partial contraction in arteries and arterioles. Dilation of capillaries and venules with relative stasis produce the cyanotic discoloration called as Livedo Reticularis. It a reversible side effect with resolution after discontinuation of the drug.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3eb9ad2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3eb9ad2\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a575d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9a575d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"146\" src=\"https:\/\/medreasons.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Livedo-reticularis-1-300x146.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1466\" alt=\"Livedo reticularis\" srcset=\"https:\/\/medreasons.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Livedo-reticularis-1-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/medreasons.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Livedo-reticularis-1.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Livedo Reticularis <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a9e748 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2a9e748\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76f94e7 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--no-spacing elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"76f94e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;xMidYMid meet&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 126 26&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3Cpath d=&#039;M10.7,6l2.5,2.6l-4,4.3l4,5.4l-2.5,1.9l-4.5-5.2l-3.9,4.2L0.7,17L4,13.1L0,8.6l2.3-1.3l3.9,3.9L10.7,6z M23.9,6.6l4.2,4.5L32,7.2l2.3,1.3l-4,4.5l3.2,3.9L32,19.1l-3.9-3.3l-4.5,4.3l-2.5-1.9l4.4-5.1l-4.2-3.9L23.9,6.6zM73.5,6L76,8.6l-4,4.3l4,5.4l-2.5,1.9l-4.5-5.2l-3.9,4.2L63.5,17l4.1-4.7L63.5,8l2.3-1.3l4.1,3.6L73.5,6z M94,6l2.5,2.6l-4,4.3l4,5.4L94,20.1l-3.9-5l-3.9,4.2L84,17l3.2-3.9L84,8.6l2.3-1.3l3.2,3.9L94,6z M106.9,6l4.5,5.1l3.9-3.9l2.3,1.3l-4,4.5l3.2,3.9l-1.6,2.1l-3.9-4.2l-4.5,5.2l-2.5-1.9l4-5.4l-4-4.3L106.9,6z M53.1,6l2.5,2.6l-4,4.3l4,4.6l-2.5,1.9l-4.5-4.5l-3.5,4.5L43.1,17l3.2-3.9l-4-4.5l2.3-1.3l3.9,3.9L53.1,6z&#039;\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8218d95 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8218d95\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-770aeb6 elementor-post-navigation-borders-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-navigation\" data-id=\"770aeb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-navigation.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post-navigation\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post-navigation__prev elementor-post-navigation__link\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/medreasons.com\/index.php\/posts\/radiology\/t1-and-t2-weighted-mri\/\" rel=\"prev\"><span class=\"post-navigation__arrow-wrapper post-navigation__arrow-prev\"><i class=\"fa fa-chevron-circle-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Prev<\/span><\/span><span class=\"elementor-post-navigation__link__prev\"><span class=\"post-navigation__prev--label\">Previous<\/span><span class=\"post-navigation__prev--title\">T1 and T2 weighted MRI<\/span><\/span><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post-navigation__separator-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post-navigation__separator\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post-navigation__next elementor-post-navigation__link\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/medreasons.com\/index.php\/posts\/paediatrics\/central-nervous-system\/\" rel=\"next\"><span class=\"elementor-post-navigation__link__next\"><span class=\"post-navigation__next--label\">Next<\/span><span class=\"post-navigation__next--title\">Central Nervous System<\/span><\/span><span class=\"post-navigation__arrow-wrapper post-navigation__arrow-next\"><i class=\"fa fa-chevron-circle-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Next<\/span><\/span><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Amantadine and Livedo reticularis\u00a0 Livedo reticularis refers to a net like pattern of reddish blue skin pigmentation (livere = blue; reticularis = net like). It sometimes occurs in patients taking amantadine and usually clears within 1 month or so. Let&#8217;s have a detailed look into the mechanism behind this effect. Amantadine stands for &#8216;adamantane&#8217; + [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":543,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1412","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/medreasons.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1412","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/medreasons.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/medreasons.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medreasons.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medreasons.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1412"}],"version-history":[{"count":61,"href":"https:\/\/medreasons.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1412\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1632,"href":"https:\/\/medreasons.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1412\/revisions\/1632"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medreasons.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/543"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/medreasons.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1412"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}